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Missions Encyclopedia Entry 1781573946

** The **New Horizons** mission is a groundbreaking interplanetary space probe launched by NASA in 2006, designed to explore the **Kuiper Belt**, a region of icy bodies and other small celestial objects beyond Neptune's orbit. **CONTENT:** ## Overview The **New Horizons** mission is a pioneering space exploration project that has greatly expanded our understanding of the **Kuiper Belt** and the **Dwarf Planet Pluto**. Launched on January 19, 2006, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, the spacecraft was built by **Aerospace Corporation** and operated by **Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory**. The primary objective of the mission was to study the Pluto system, including its moons, atmosphere, and surface composition. The spacecraft's journey took nearly nine and a half years, with the flyby of Pluto occurring on July 14, 2015. ## History/Background The concept of exploring the **Kuiper Belt** dates back to the 1990s, when astronomers began to recognize the importance of this region in understanding the formation and evolution of our solar system. The **New Horizons** mission was formally approved in 2003, with a launch window between January and March 2006. The spacecraft was designed to take advantage of a rare alignment of the planets, which would allow it to use the gravity of Jupiter to accelerate its trajectory and reach the **Kuiper Belt** in a relatively short period. The mission's development was marked by several challenges, including the need to design a spacecraft that could withstand the harsh conditions of interplanetary space and the complexities of navigating through the **Kuiper Belt**. ## Key Information The **New Horizons** spacecraft is equipped with a range of scientific instruments, including a **Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC)**, an **Alice Ultraviolet Spectrometer**, and a **Radio Science Experiment (RSE)**. During its flyby of Pluto, the spacecraft collected a vast amount of data, including high-resolution images of the dwarf planet's surface, its moons, and its atmosphere. The mission's findings have greatly expanded our understanding of the **Kuiper Belt** and its inhabitants, including the discovery of a heart-shaped region on Pluto's surface, known as the **Sputnik Planum**. The spacecraft has also provided valuable insights into the geology and composition of Pluto's moons, including **Charon**, **Nix**, and **Hydra**. ## Significance The **New Horizons** mission has had a profound impact on our understanding of the **Kuiper Belt** and the **Dwarf Planet Pluto**. The mission's findings have challenged our previous assumptions about the formation and evolution of our solar system and have provided new insights into the processes that shape the surfaces of small celestial bodies. The mission's success has also paved the way for future exploration of the **Kuiper Belt**, including the **Artemis** mission, which aims to send a spacecraft to the **Kuiper Belt** in the 2020s. The **New Horizons** mission has also inspired a new generation of scientists and engineers, who are working to push the boundaries of space exploration and to expand our understanding of the universe. **INFOBOX:** - Name: **New Horizons** - Type: **Interplanetary Space Probe** - Date: **January 19, 2006** - Location: **Kuiper Belt** - Known For: **First Flyby of Pluto** **TAGS:** **Kuiper Belt**, **Dwarf Planet Pluto**, **New Horizons**, **Space Exploration**, **Interplanetary Space Probe**, **Astronomy**, **Astrophysics**, **Spacecraft**, **NASA**, **Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory**