Results for "Cardiac surgery"
Conditions Encyclopedia Entry 1778405165
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the wall between the heart's two upper chambers, allowing blood to flow between them.
Health & MedicineConditions Encyclopedia Entry 1779863108
** Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a heart condition characterized by the mitral valve leaflets bulging back into the left atrium during heart contractions, potentially leading to complications such as mitral regurgitation and arrhythmias. **CONTENT:** ### Overview Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a relatively common heart condition affecting approximately 2-3% of the general population. In MVP, the mitral valve leaflets do not close properly, causing them to bulge back into the left atrium during heart contractions. This abnormal movement can lead to mitral regurgitation, where blood flows backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium, potentially causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. MVP can be classified into two main types: Barlow's syndrome and fibroelastic deficiency. Barlow's syndrome is characterized by a more severe prolapse and is often associated with other heart defects. Fibroelastic deficiency, on the other hand, is a milder form of MVP, where the valve leaflets are thin and flexible. ### History/Background The first reported case of mitral valve prolapse dates back to 1875 by the French physician, Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud. However, it wasn't until the 1950s and 1960s that MVP began to gain recognition as a distinct medical condition. In 1964, the American cardiologist, Dr. John P. Shaver, published a series of papers on MVP, which helped to establish it as a recognized medical entity. ### Key Information Key facts about MVP include: * **Symptoms:** MVP can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and chest pain. * **Causes:** MVP is often associated with genetic factors, but other contributing factors include age, sex, and certain medical conditions such as Marfan syndrome. * **Diagnosis:** MVP is typically diagnosed using echocardiography, a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart. * **Treatment:** Treatment options for MVP depend on the severity of the condition and may include medication, lifestyle modifications, or surgical repair. ### Significance MVP is a significant condition due to its potential complications, including: * **Mitral regurgitation:** MVP can lead to mitral regurgitation, which can cause the heart to work harder and potentially lead to heart failure. * **Arrhythmias:** MVP can increase the risk of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. * **Sudden cardiac death:** In rare cases, MVP can lead to sudden cardiac death, particularly in individuals with underlying heart conditions. **INFOBOX:** - Name: Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) - Type: Heart condition - Date: 1875 (first reported case) - Location: Worldwide - Known For: Characteristic bulging of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium **TAGS:** Heart conditions, Mitral valve, Cardiac arrhythmias, Mitral regurgitation, Sudden cardiac death, Heart failure, Echocardiography, Cardiac surgery
Health & MedicineConditions Encyclopedia Entry 1781714105
** This encyclopedia entry is about **Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)**, a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the wall between the heart's two upper chambers. ## Overview Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that affects the heart's septum, the wall of tissue that separates the heart's two upper chambers, the atria. In a normal heart, the septum is a thin layer of tissue that allows blood to flow between the atria while preventing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. However, in individuals with ASD, a hole or opening in the septum allows blood to flow between the atria, leading to an abnormal circulation of blood. ASD is a relatively common congenital heart defect, accounting for approximately 5-10% of all congenital heart defects. It can occur in isolation or in combination with other heart defects. The symptoms of ASD can vary widely, depending on the size of the defect and the severity of the condition. Some individuals with ASD may not experience any symptoms at all, while others may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. ## History/Background The first reported case of ASD was described by the French physician Jean-Baptiste Dujardin-Beaumetz in 1889. However, it was not until the 1950s that the condition was more fully understood, with the development of cardiac catheterization and angiography. These diagnostic tools allowed doctors to visualize the heart and diagnose ASD with greater accuracy. In the 1960s and 1970s, surgical techniques were developed to repair ASD, and today, surgical repair is the standard treatment for most individuals with ASD. ## Key Information ### Types of ASD There are several types of ASD, including: * **Secundum ASD**: This is the most common type of ASD, accounting for approximately 70% of all cases. It occurs in the middle of the septum and is often associated with a hole in the septum. * **Primum ASD**: This type of ASD occurs in the lower part of the septum and is often associated with other heart defects, such as atrioventricular septal defect. * **Sinus venosus ASD**: This type of ASD occurs in the upper part of the septum and is often associated with other heart defects, such as partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. ### Symptoms and Diagnosis The symptoms of ASD can vary widely, depending on the size of the defect and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include: * Shortness of breath * Fatigue * Palpitations * Swelling in the legs and feet * Coughing Diagnosis of ASD typically involves a combination of physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and echocardiogram. In some cases, cardiac catheterization and angiography may be necessary to visualize the heart and diagnose ASD. ### Treatment The standard treatment for ASD is surgical repair, which involves closing the hole in the septum. This can be done using a variety of techniques, including: * **Open-heart surgery**: This involves making an incision in the chest to access the heart and close the hole in the septum. * **Minimally invasive surgery**: This involves making small incisions in the chest to access the heart and close the hole in the septum. * **Catheter-based closure**: This involves using a catheter to deliver a device that closes the hole in the septum. ## Significance ASD is a significant congenital heart defect that affects millions of people worldwide. While it can be treated with surgical repair, it is essential to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with ASD. INFOBOX: - Name: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Type: Congenital heart defect - Date: 1889 (first reported case) - Location: Worldwide - Known For: Being a relatively common congenital heart defect that can be treated with surgical repair TAGS: Congenital heart defect, Atrial septal defect, Heart defect, Cardiac surgery, Minimally invasive surgery, Catheter-based closure, Heart health, Cardiology.