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Missions Encyclopedia Entry 1783016705

** The **Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover** is a NASA robotic mission that successfully landed on Mars in February 2021, with the primary objective of searching for signs of past or present life on the Red Planet. **CONTENT:** ## Overview The **Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover** is a state-of-the-art robotic mission designed to explore the Martian surface and search for evidence of past or present life on the Red Planet. Launched on July 30, 2020, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, the mission is a collaborative effort between NASA and its international partners. The rover is equipped with a suite of advanced scientific instruments and a sample collection system, which will enable it to analyze Martian rocks and soil in unprecedented detail. The **Perseverance Rover** is a technological marvel, weighing approximately 2,300 pounds (1,043 kg) and measuring 10 feet (3 meters) long and 9 feet (2.7 meters) wide. Its landing site, Jezero Crater, is a 45-kilometer-wide (28-mile-wide) impact crater that was once home to a lake, making it an ideal location for searching for signs of past life on Mars. The rover is powered by a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), which converts the heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes into electricity. ## History/Background The concept of sending a rover to Mars dates back to the 1990s, when NASA's **Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)** mission was first proposed. However, it wasn't until 2012 that NASA announced the **Mars 2020** mission, with the primary objective of searching for signs of past or present life on Mars. The mission was designed to be a follow-up to the **Curiosity Rover**, which had been exploring Mars since 2012. The **Perseverance Rover** was built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, with contributions from numerous international partners. ## Key Information The **Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover** is equipped with a range of advanced scientific instruments, including: * **Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)**: a device that analyzes the chemical composition of Martian rocks and soil. * **Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA)**: a suite of instruments that measure the Martian atmosphere and climate. * **SuperCam**: a laser-based instrument that can analyze the chemical composition of Martian rocks and soil. * **Sample Collection System**: a system that enables the rover to collect and store samples of Martian rocks and soil for possible return to Earth. The rover also features a **Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN)** system, which enables it to navigate the Martian terrain using a combination of cameras and lidar (light detection and ranging) technology. The **Perseverance Rover** is also equipped with a **Sample Tube**: a device that enables it to collect and store samples of Martian rocks and soil for possible return to Earth. ## Significance The **Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover** is a groundbreaking mission that has significantly advanced our understanding of the Martian surface and subsurface. The rover's discoveries have provided new insights into the Martian geology, climate, and potential habitability. The mission has also demonstrated the capabilities of NASA's robotic exploration technology, paving the way for future missions to the Red Planet. INFOBOX: - **Name:** Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover - **Type:** Robotic Mission - **Date:** July 30, 2020 (launch date) - **Location:** Jezero Crater, Mars - **Known For:** Searching for signs of past or present life on Mars TAGS: Mars Exploration, Space Exploration, NASA, Robotic Mission, Mars 2020, Perseverance Rover, Jezero Crater, Sample Return, Astrobiology.