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Conditions Encyclopedia Entry 1780565406

** Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the wall (septum) between the heart's two upper chambers (atria), allowing blood to flow between them. **CONTENT:** ### **Overview** Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a relatively common congenital heart defect that affects approximately 1 in 2,500 births. It occurs when a small hole or opening develops in the septum, the thin wall of tissue that separates the heart's two upper chambers, the left and right atria. This abnormal opening allows blood to flow between the atria, which can lead to various complications, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension. ASD can be classified into three main types: Ostium Primum ASD, Ostium Secundum ASD, and Sinus Venosus ASD. Ostium Primum ASD is the most common type, accounting for approximately 50% of all ASD cases. Ostium Secundum ASD is the second most common type, while Sinus Venosus ASD is the rarest. ### **History/Background** The first recorded description of ASD dates back to 1861, when the French physician, Pierre-Adolphe Piorry, described a case of a child with a heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening between the atria. However, it wasn't until the 1950s that ASD was recognized as a distinct congenital heart defect. In the 1960s and 1970s, surgical techniques for repairing ASD were developed, and since then, ASD repair has become a standard procedure for treating this condition. Today, ASD repair is typically performed using a minimally invasive surgical technique called a thoracotomy, which involves making a small incision in the chest to access the heart. ### **Key Information** Key facts about ASD include: * **Prevalence:** ASD affects approximately 1 in 2,500 births. * **Symptoms:** ASD symptoms can be mild or severe and may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. * **Complications:** Untreated ASD can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension. * **Treatment:** ASD repair is typically performed using a minimally invasive surgical technique called a thoracotomy. * **Prognosis:** With proper treatment, the prognosis for individuals with ASD is generally good, with a normal life expectancy. ### **Significance** ASD is a significant condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ASD is crucial for providing accurate diagnoses and effective care. Additionally, ASD research has led to significant advances in our understanding of congenital heart defects and the development of new surgical techniques. **INFOBOX:** - **Name:** Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - **Type:** Congenital heart defect - **Date:** 1861 (first recorded description) - **Location:** Global - **Known For:** Atrial Septal Defect is a common congenital heart defect that affects approximately 1 in 2,500 births. **TAGS:** Atrial Septal Defect, Congenital Heart Defect, Heart Defect, Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery, Thoracotomy, Pulmonary Hypertension, Arrhythmias, Heart Failure.