Overview
Bhutan is a country located in the Himalayas, bordered by India to the south, east, and west, and China to the north. With a population of approximately 771,608 people (2020 estimate), Bhutan is one of the smallest countries in the world. The country has a total area of 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 square miles), making it slightly larger than the state of Maryland in the United States. Bhutan's landscape is dominated by the Himalayan mountain range, with the highest peak being Gangkhar Puensum, which stands at 7,570 meters (24,806 feet) above sea level.
Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy, with the current King Jigme Singye Wangchuck's son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, serving as the fifth King of Bhutan since 2006. The country has a unique approach to development, prioritizing Gross National Happiness (GNH) over Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This philosophy emphasizes the importance of spiritual and emotional well-being, as well as environmental conservation, in the country's development.
Bhutan is a predominantly Buddhist country, with over 75% of the population practicing Vajrayana Buddhism. The country's unique culture is a blend of traditional and modern elements, with a strong emphasis on preserving its cultural heritage. Bhutan is also known for its stunning natural beauty, with lush forests, pristine rivers, and towering mountains.
History/Background
Bhutan has a rich and complex history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age. The country was first unified in the 17th century by the great unifier, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who introduced Buddhism to the country and established the Drukpa Kagyu school of Buddhism. In the 18th century, Bhutan was invaded by the British, who imposed a treaty on the country, which limited its sovereignty and led to a period of isolation.
In the 20th century, Bhutan began to open up to the world, with the country's first king, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, introducing modern reforms and development initiatives. In 2008, Bhutan transitioned to a constitutional monarchy, with a new constitution that enshrined the country's commitment to democracy and human rights.
Key Information
* Capital: Thimphu
* Language: Dzongkha (official), English (widely spoken)
* Currency: Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN)
* Population: approximately 771,608 (2020 estimate)
* Area: 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 square miles)
* Highest peak: Gangkhar Puensum (7,570 meters/24,806 feet)
* Major festivals: Paro Tshechu, Thimphu Tshechu, Punakha Tshechu
* Major attractions: Paro Taktsang (Tiger's Nest Monastery), Punakha Dzong, Thimphu Chorten
Significance
Bhutan's commitment to sustainable tourism and environmental conservation has made it a model for other countries to follow. The country's unique approach to development, prioritizing GNH over GDP, has also made it a leader in the field of happiness economics. Bhutan's stunning natural beauty and unique culture make it a popular destination for tourists, with the country's tourism industry generating significant revenue for the country.
