Overview
Bhutan is a sovereign kingdom nestled in the eastern Himalayas, bordered by India to the south, east, and west, and China to the north. With a total area of approximately 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 square miles), it is one of the smallest countries in the world. The country's unique geography, with towering mountain peaks, lush forests, and pristine rivers, has created a diverse range of ecosystems that support a wide variety of flora and fauna. The capital city, Thimphu, is home to over 100,000 people, making it the largest city in the country.Bhutan's culture is deeply rooted in Buddhism, with the majority of the population practicing Vajrayana Buddhism. The country's unique approach to development, known as Gross National Happiness (GNH), prioritizes the well-being of its citizens and the environment over economic growth. This approach has allowed Bhutan to maintain its natural beauty and cultural heritage, while also ensuring the happiness and prosperity of its people.
History/Background
Bhutan's history dates back to the 8th century, when it was a major center of Buddhist learning and culture. The country was unified under a single ruler in the 17th century, and has since maintained its independence despite being surrounded by larger powers. In 1910, Bhutan signed a treaty with Britain, which established the country's borders and recognized its sovereignty. In 1949, Bhutan became a member of the United Nations, and in 2008, it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.Key Information
- Population: approximately 771,608 people (2020 estimate) - Capital: Thimphu - Language: Dzongkha (official), Nepali, English - Currency: Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN) - Area: 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 square miles) - Highest peak: Gangkhar Puensum (7,570 meters/24,806 feet) - Longest river: Mo Chhu (approximately 150 kilometers/93 miles)Bhutan is known for its unique festivals, which celebrate the country's Buddhist heritage and cultural traditions. The most famous festival is the Paro Tshechu, which takes place in the spring and features masked dances, music, and traditional clothing. The country is also home to numerous monasteries and temples, including the famous Paro Taktsang (Tiger's Nest Monastery), which is perched on a cliff overlooking the Paro Valley.
