Overview
Kiribati, formerly known as the Gilbert Islands, is a sovereign island nation situated in the Pacific Ocean, approximately 3,500 kilometers southwest of Hawaii. With a total area of approximately 811 square kilometers, Kiribati is the world's least densely populated country, with a population of around 119,449 people, according to the 2020 census. The capital and largest city is Tarawa, which is home to more than 50% of the country's population. Kiribati is an archipelago of 33 coral atolls and islands, stretching across the equator, with the Line Islands in the east and the Phoenix Islands in the west.
Kiribati's unique geography is characterized by its coral reefs, white sandy beaches, and crystal-clear waters. The country's economy is primarily driven by fishing, copra production, and remittances from its citizens working abroad. The official language is Gilbertese, but English is widely spoken, and many Kiribati people also speak I-Kiribati, a language that combines elements of Gilbertese and English.
History/Background
Kiribati has a rich and diverse history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to around 1300 AD. The islands were first discovered by European explorers in the 16th century, with the Portuguese being the first to visit in 1565. In the 19th century, Kiribati became a British protectorate, and in 1979, it gained independence from the United Kingdom. The country's name, Kiribati, is derived from the Gilbertese word "Kiribati," meaning "the Gilbert Islands."
Key Information
- Location: Kiribati is situated in the central Pacific Ocean, approximately 3,500 kilometers southwest of Hawaii.
- Population: 119,449 (2020 census)
- Area: 811 square kilometers
- Capital: Tarawa
- Language: Gilbertese (official), English, I-Kiribati
- Currency: Australian dollar
- Economy: Fishing, copra production, remittances
- Climate: Tropical marine climate, with high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year
Significance
Kiribati is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, with rising sea levels threatening the very existence of the country. In 2016, Kiribati became the first country to declare that climate change was a threat to its sovereignty. Secondly, Kiribati has a rich cultural heritage, with a unique blend of traditional and modern influences. The country is home to a diverse range of languages, customs, and traditions, making it an important cultural hub in the Pacific.
