Overview
Bhutan, officially known as the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a sovereign country located in the Himalayas between India and China. With a total area of approximately 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 square miles), Bhutan is the 67th largest country in the world by land area. The country has a population of around 771,608 people, according to the 2020 census, with the majority being ethnic Bhutanese. Bhutan's unique approach to development, known as Gross National Happiness (GNH), prioritizes the well-being and happiness of its citizens over economic growth.
Bhutan's stunning natural beauty is characterized by towering mountains, lush forests, and pristine rivers. The country is home to some of the highest peaks in the world, including Mount Gangkhar Puensum, which stands at 7,570 meters (24,806 feet) above sea level. Bhutan's diverse geography and climate support a wide range of flora and fauna, earning it the nickname "the last Shangri-La." The country's rich cultural heritage is reflected in its unique architecture, vibrant festivals, and traditional arts.
History/Background
Bhutan has a long and complex history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age. The country was first unified in the 17th century by the great unifier, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who introduced Buddhism and established the country's unique system of governance. Bhutan maintained its independence from British colonial rule and was never colonized, unlike many other countries in the region. In the 20th century, Bhutan began to open up to the world, with the country's first constitution being adopted in 2008.
Key Information
- Capital: Thimphu
- Language: Dzongkha (official), Nepali, and English
- Currency: Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN)
- Religion: Buddhism (official)
- Government: Constitutional monarchy
- Area: 38,394 square kilometers (14,824 square miles)
- Population: 771,608 (2020 census)
- GDP (nominal): $2.5 billion (2020 estimate)
- GNP per capita: $2,500 (2020 estimate)
Bhutan is known for its unique approach to development, which prioritizes the well-being and happiness of its citizens over economic growth. The country's Gross National Happiness (GNH) index measures the happiness and well-being of its citizens, rather than just economic growth. Bhutan is also home to some of the most pristine and untouched natural environments in the world, with over 50% of its land designated as protected areas.
Significance
Bhutan's unique approach to development and its commitment to preserving its natural environment have made it a model for sustainable development and environmental conservation. The country's Gross National Happiness (GNH) index has been recognized as a pioneering approach to measuring well-being and happiness. Bhutan's rich cultural heritage and stunning natural beauty make it a popular destination for tourists, with the country's tourism industry generating significant revenue for the government.
