Overview
Located in the central Pacific Ocean, Kiribati is a sovereign island nation comprising 33 coral atolls and islands, with a total land area of approximately 811 square kilometers (313 square miles). The country has a population of around 119,449 people, according to the 2020 census. Kiribati is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and has a parliamentary democracy system of government. The capital and largest city is Tarawa, which is also the economic and administrative hub of the country.
Kiribati is an archipelago of islands that stretch over 3,500 kilometers (2,200 miles) across the Pacific Ocean. The islands are low-lying and coral-based, with a maximum elevation of just 63 meters (207 feet) above sea level. The country's unique geography has made it vulnerable to climate change, with rising sea levels and increased storm frequency posing significant threats to its very existence. Despite these challenges, Kiribati has a rich cultural heritage, with a history dating back to the 13th century. The country's people, known as I-Kiribati, have a strong sense of identity and community, with a unique language, customs, and traditions.
History/Background
Kiribati has a rich and complex history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to around 1300 AD. The islands were initially settled by Polynesian migrants from the west, who brought with them their language, culture, and customs. In the 16th century, European explorers, including Spanish and British sailors, began to visit the islands, and in 1890, Kiribati became a British protectorate. The country gained its independence on July 12, 1979, with Tarawa becoming the capital. Since then, Kiribati has maintained a close relationship with the United Kingdom, while also developing its own unique identity and culture.
Key Information
* Location: Kiribati is located in the central Pacific Ocean, approximately 2,500 kilometers (1,553 miles) northeast of Australia.
* Capital: Tarawa
* Population: 119,449 (2020 census)
* Language: I-Kiribati (official), English (widely spoken)
* Currency: Australian dollar (AUD)
* Economy: Fishing, copra (dried coconut meat), and tourism are the main industries.
* Climate: Tropical marine climate, with high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year.
* Area: 811 square kilometers (313 square miles)
* Highest point: Tamana Island (63 meters / 207 feet above sea level)
Significance
Kiribati is a small but significant country in the Pacific region. Its unique geography and cultural heritage make it an important part of the region's history and identity. The country's resilience in the face of climate change has also made it a global leader in the fight against rising sea levels and increased storm frequency. Kiribati has been at the forefront of international efforts to address climate change, with its president, Taneti Mamau, playing a key role in global climate negotiations.
