Results for "Reformation"
Protestantism
Protestantism is the 16th-century reform movement that fractured Western Christianity, re-centering salvation on **faith alone** and the Bible as sole authority.
Philosophy & ReligionLutheranism
Lutheranism is a major Protestant tradition that originated with Martin Luther’s 16th-century reform movement, emphasizing justification by faith alone, the authority of Scripture, and the priesthood of all believers.
HistoryInquisition
The Inquisition was a series of Catholic judicial institutions (12th–19th c.) that sought to enforce doctrinal uniformity by investigating, trying, and punishing heresy, thereby reshaping European law, religion, and society.
ScienceImmediate_nerddpedia_entry Encyclopedia Entry 1774802108
A concise, scholarly overview of the concept of “immediate” as it has been debated across philosophical, mystical, and religious traditions—from non-dual awareness in Vedānta and Zen’s satori to the Protestant Reformation’s doctrine of unmediated grace and twentieth-century phenomenology’s “givenness” of experience.
HistoryProtestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century religious revolution that fractured Western Christianity, spawning new Protestant churches and reshaping Europe’s spiritual, political, and cultural landscape.
HistoryMedieval Encyclopedia Entry 1783272906
** The Great Schism of 1378, also known as the Western Schism, was a pivotal event in the history of the Catholic Church, resulting in a prolonged period of division and conflict within the Church hierarchy. **CONTENT:** ### Overview The Great Schism of 1378 was a profound crisis that shook the foundations of the Catholic Church, pitting two rival popes against each other and leading to a period of intense conflict and division within the Church hierarchy. This event, which lasted for over 40 years, had far-reaching consequences for the Church, the papacy, and the broader European society. At its core, the Great Schism was a struggle for power, authority, and legitimacy within the Church, fueled by the ambitions of powerful cardinals, the rise of national interests, and the growing influence of secular powers. The Schism was sparked by the sudden death of Pope Gregory XI in 1378, who had recently returned the papacy to Rome from Avignon, France. The College of Cardinals, led by the powerful and ambitious Cardinal Robert of Geneva, elected Urban VI as the new pope. However, a faction of cardinals, led by Robert of Geneva, soon grew dissatisfied with Urban VI's leadership and accused him of being mentally unstable and tyrannical. They then elected Clement VII as the new pope, sparking a bitter conflict between the two rival popes. ### History/Background The Great Schism was a culmination of several factors, including the growing influence of national interests, the rise of powerful cardinals, and the increasing tensions between the papacy and secular powers. The papacy had long been a major power center in Europe, with the popes wielding significant influence over the spiritual and temporal affairs of Christendom. However, the papacy's authority had been eroded by the rise of national monarchies and the growing influence of secular powers. The Avignon Papacy, which had lasted from 1309 to 1377, had been a particularly contentious period in the history of the papacy. During this time, the popes had been largely under the control of the French monarchy, leading to widespread criticism and resentment among the Italian city-states and other European powers. The return of the papacy to Rome in 1377, under Pope Gregory XI, was seen as a major victory for the Italian city-states and a significant blow to French influence. ### Key Information The Great Schism was marked by a series of bitter conflicts, including: * The election of two rival popes, Urban VI and Clement VII, who each claimed legitimacy and authority. * The formation of two rival factions within the Church, with the supporters of Urban VI known as the "Urbani" and the supporters of Clement VII known as the "Clementines." * The involvement of secular powers, including the French monarchy, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Italian city-states, which each took sides in the conflict. * The rise of anti-papal sentiment, particularly in Italy, where many saw the papacy as a corrupt and ineffective institution. The Schism also had significant consequences for the Church, including: * The erosion of papal authority and legitimacy. * The rise of national interests and the decline of the papacy's influence. * The growth of Protestantism and the eventual Reformation, which was in part a response to the perceived corruption and ineffectiveness of the papacy. ### Significance The Great Schism of 1378 was a pivotal event in the history of the Catholic Church, marking a significant turning point in the development of the papacy and the Church hierarchy. The Schism had far-reaching consequences, including the erosion of papal authority, the rise of national interests, and the growth of Protestantism. It also highlighted the need for reform within the Church, leading to the eventual implementation of the Conciliar Movement, which aimed to limit papal power and promote greater accountability within the Church. **INFOBOX:** - Name: The Great Schism of 1378 - Type: Ecclesiastical conflict - Date: 1378-1417 - Location: Europe, particularly Italy and France - Known For: Prolonged division and conflict within the Catholic Church hierarchy **TAGS:** Catholic Church, Papacy, Great Schism, Western Schism, Urban VI, Clement VII, Avignon Papacy, Conciliar Movement, Protestantism, Reformation, Church History.